Privacy Policy

Legal

What we collect, who else receives it, how long we keep it, and what we can and cannot delete.

Effective Date: September 14, 2026

This policy covers the ETHOS Database website: the public pages, the map, the open data endpoints under /api/v1/public/, the signed-in dashboard, and the email we send you. It applies whether or not you have an account.

ETHOS Database is independently owned and operated, with the University of Pittsburgh PRODCTS Lab as a research partner. It is not a project of, and is not owned or operated by, the University of Pittsburgh. ETHOS Database is an independent initiative that is not yet incorporated and intends to register as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit; until that registration completes there is no separate legal entity behind it, and no registered address to give.

Your use of the site is also governed by our Terms of Use.

A note for organizations contributing data

Most of what an organization contributes (base locations, certifications, aircraft, operating details) describes an operation, not a person, and this policy has little to say about it. The exception is the contact fields on a base record: contact name, contact email, contact phone, and the communications-center phone and email. Those name real people, this policy covers them, and the section on what is public below says exactly who can see them.

What ETHOS Publishes Openly

Part of the base dataset is public. It is served without an account and without a key.

Nothing else is public. Other information is provided to account holders based on level of access granted by ETHOS.

If any information appears in ETHOS that you would prefer did not, please let us know at support@ethosdatabase.org.

Information We Collect

Automatically, from every visit

Our hosting provider records a log line for each request: your IP address, the page or endpoint you asked for, the time, your browser’s user-agent string, and the page you arrived from.

Separately, every request to an endpoint under /api/ increments a counter in our rate-limit store, so that one address cannot flood the site. That is not only the sign-in and account endpoints: it includes the open bases feed the homepage map loads before you have an account. The counter is keyed on your IP address, and on the auth endpoints on which of them you asked for. Nothing else about the request is recorded there, and it is never read back to build a history of your visits. The complete set of ceilings, and what each one is counted against:

  • Most requests: 60 a minute, per IP address.
  • The open bases feed and the invitation-acceptance endpoint: 30 a minute, per IP address.
  • Signing in: 20 every 15 minutes, per IP address.
  • Registration, password reset, password setup and email verification: 5 every 15 minutes, per IP address, counted separately for each of them.
  • Asking us to send you an email: a forgotten-password link or a new verification link, 3 every 15 minutes, per IP address.
  • Sending an invitation, or submitting an organization or data request: counted twice over, 30 an hour per IP address and 10 an hour per account. Changing the email address on your own account counts against that same per-account hourly cap; changing your name or your password does not.

Each counter covers a fixed window: a minute, fifteen minutes or an hour. The store deletes it by itself about twice that window after it is first written, so roughly two hours at the longest.

An IP address is personal information under the GDPR and under California law, and we treat it as such. We do not try to identify you from it, and we do not combine it with your account.

Page-view analytics

The deployed site runs Vercel Web Analytics, our host’s own page-view counter. Each page view sends a small beacon from your browser to our own domain, not to a third-party analytics host: normally under /_vercel/insights, though Vercel does not commit to a fixed path. Vercel publishes what it may store with every data point:

  • the time of the page view;
  • the page path (no query string), and the route pattern it matched;
  • the page you arrived from;
  • your location to city level: country, region and city;
  • your device type, operating system and browser with their versions, and the version of the analytics script.

A few of our links carry a one-time token in the query string (a password reset, an invitation, a password-setup link), and the site removes the query string from every page view before the beacon is sent, so those tokens never reach Web Analytics. Although no cookie is involved, Vercel identifies a visitor “by a hash created from the incoming request” and discards it after 24 hours; within that window one visitor’s page views are linked to each other, which is not the same thing as each view standing alone.

What it does not do: it sets no cookie and stores nothing in your browser, it gives you no identifier that follows you to another site, and it does not receive your name, your email address or your account. We read it only as the aggregate counts Vercel’s dashboard shows, to see which pages are used and whether the site is working. Vercel guarantees the data stays stored and viewable for a 12-month reporting window on the plan this site runs on, and says it “may store your data for longer periods”. It does not run in a local development build.

When you create an account

Your email address, your name if you give one, and your password, which is stored only in a hashed form we cannot reverse; we never hold the password itself. Alongside those we store your role, your account status, the organization you belong to, and time-limited single-use tokens for invitations, email verification, email changes and password resets.

We also keep three pieces of security telemetry about your account: the number of consecutive failed sign-in attempts, the time an account lock expires, and the time you last signed in successfully. They exist to stop password guessing.

When you submit a request

An organization registration request stores the organization name, a contact email, an optional contact phone number, an optional website, and your free-text justification. The free-text fields accept up to 5,000 characters each; whatever you type in them is stored as written, so please do not put patient information or anything else sensitive there.

The data request form is not open yet. Researchers ask for data by email instead, as our Research page describes, and what you send us is covered by “When you email us” below. If we open the form, it will store the purpose, your institution, an IRB number if you have one, and a description of the data you want.

When you email us

Our public address is a Google Workspace group, so a message you send it is delivered to and stored by Google: the body, your address, the subject and anything you attach. We keep it for as long as the conversation is useful.

Third Parties Your Browser Contacts Directly

Some of what you see is fetched by your browser from someone else’s server, not ours. Those requests carry your IP address and, because of the referrer policy the site sets, the fact that you came from ETHOS. This happens before you have an account and whether or not you ever make one. We do not control what those providers log.

  • Map tiles on the homepage and the signed-in map come from Stadia Maps (which serves OpenMapTiles and OpenStreetMap data), OpenStreetMap directly when a Stadia tile is unavailable, and Esri / ArcGIS Online for the satellite layer. Stadia authenticates us by the referring domain, which is why the referrer is sent.
  • Photographs and logos on the steering-committee, team and partners pages are loaded from the organizations’ own websites rather than copied onto ours, so viewing those pages makes a request to each of those hosts.
  • Address lookup in the signed-in base form sends what you type to Nominatim, OpenStreetMap’s geocoder, from your browser. It runs only while you are typing an address into that form.

None of these is an advertising network, and none of them receives your name, your email address or your account. The one analytics service the site uses is our host’s own, served from this domain rather than someone else’s, and it is described under “Information We Collect” above.

Cookies

Every cookie ETHOS sets is strictly necessary and comes from our sign-in system:

  • A session cookie (authjs.session-token) that keeps you signed in.
  • A CSRF token cookie (authjs.csrf-token) that stops another site from submitting forms as you.
  • A callback-URL cookie (authjs.callback-url) that remembers which page to return you to after you sign in.

None of them is readable by JavaScript, and in production all of them are sent only over HTTPS.

That is the complete list. There are no analytics cookies, no advertising cookies and no third-party cookies; the site stores nothing in your browser’s local storage either. The one beacon the site does send, the page-view count described under “Information We Collect”, sets no cookie and reads none. That is also why you are not being asked to dismiss a cookie banner: strictly necessary cookies do not need consent. Blocking them will stop you from signing in.

Because we do not track you across sites, a “Do Not Track” or Global Privacy Control signal has nothing here to switch off. The site also tells your browser to turn off its advertising-topics feature.

How We Use Your Information

  • Run the site and fix it when it breaks
  • Sign you in, and keep your account and your organization’s data separated from everyone else’s
  • Rate-limit and lock out password guessing, and investigate abuse of the site
  • Send the transactional email the product depends on: invitations, email verification, password resets, and notices that a request has been received or decided. We do not send marketing email
  • Review and answer organization registration and data requests
  • Comply with the law

We do not sell your personal information, and we do not share it for advertising of any kind. We do not profile you, and no decision about you (an account, an organization registration, a data request) is made automatically; a person reviews each one.

Who Else Handles Your Information

These companies process data on our behalf. This list is complete:

  • Vercel: hosting and page-view analytics. Every request to the site passes through it, its request logs hold the IP addresses described above, and it operates the cookieless Web Analytics beacon described in the same section.
  • Neon: the Postgres database. Everything in the “Information We Collect” section is stored there.
  • Resend: transactional email. It receives the recipient address and name, and the contents of the message we send.
  • Upstash: the Redis store behind rate limiting. It holds a short-lived counter keyed on IP address and endpoint, and for account writes on the account.
  • Google: Google Workspace, which hosts the group behind our public contact address. Anything you send there reaches us through Google.

Beyond the providers listed above, we disclose information only when the law requires it (in response to a valid legal demand) or where it is necessary to protect the rights, property or safety of ETHOS, the people who use it, or the public. The map, image and geocoding providers in the section above are not processors acting for us; your browser contacts them directly.

How We Protect Your Information

The security controls in place:

  • Passwords are stored hashed, never in a recoverable form
  • The whole site is served over HTTPS, with HTTP Strict Transport Security, a Content Security Policy, and clickjacking and MIME-sniffing protections
  • Session cookies are HTTP-only and secure, and signing out revokes the session on the server rather than only dropping the cookie
  • Every request to an /api/ endpoint is rate-limited per IP address, with tighter per-endpoint ceilings on sign-in, registration, password reset and email verification; invitations and request submissions are capped per account as well, and an account locks after repeated failed sign-in attempts
  • Access is role-based and scoped to your organization, and the fields each role can read are enforced on the server, not just hidden in the interface
  • Invitation, verification and password-reset tokens are single-use and expire, and a nightly job clears the expired ones out of the database
  • Signed-in pages are never cached, so a shared browser cannot redisplay them after sign-out

No system is perfectly secure. If a breach affects your personal information we will notify you and the relevant authorities to the extent the law requires. If you think you have found a vulnerability, email support@ethosdatabase.org and please give us a reasonable chance to fix it before publishing.

How Long We Keep Information, and What Deletion Does

Deleting an account does not erase it. When an account is deleted, the application marks it deleted and keeps the row: email address, name, password hash, organization, and the sign-in telemetry listed above. This is intentional: every base and aircraft record carries the identity of the person who created and last changed it, and erasing the account would blank that audit trail for records other organizations rely on. A deleted account can no longer sign in, no longer appears in the interface, and releases its email address for re-use.

Requests are kept indefinitely. Organization registration requests and data requests, including the free-text fields and the contact details on them, are retained after they are approved or rejected. The application provides no way to delete them.

What is deleted automatically. One job runs nightly, and it clears expired invitation, email-verification, password-reset and pending-invitation tokens. Nothing else is on a schedule, and there is no automatic anonymization step anywhere in the application.

If you want information removed beyond what the application does on its own (a contact name on a base, the contents of a request, the record of an account), email support@ethosdatabase.org and ask. We can remove data directly from the database, and we will tell you plainly what we removed and what we kept and why.

Your Choices

  • Change your own details. Your account settings page edits your name, your email address and your password. An email change is staged and only takes effect once you confirm it from the new address.
  • Get a copy of what we hold. There is no self-service export. Email support@ethosdatabase.org and a person will assemble it from the database by hand and send it to you in a machine-readable format within 30 days.
  • Correct something. Email us, or edit it yourself where the interface allows.
  • Ask for deletion. Read the section above first, so that what you get matches what you asked for. We will do what we can and say what we cannot.
  • Object or complain. Email us. If you are in the UK, EU or EEA you may also complain to your national data protection authority.

We will not treat you differently for exercising any of these. We do not sell or share personal information, so there is nothing to opt out of.

Research Data Sharing

ETHOS shares data with researchers and organizations. Our Research page describes the process: you email us, a person reviews the request, and if it is approved you sign an agreement before any data is released. What is released is de-identified operational data about bases and aircraft.

We do not include your account information, or the contact names, emails and phone numbers on base records, in a research dataset. The details you give when you ask for data, such as your institution, your purpose and your IRB number, are used to decide the request and are visible to the administrators who review it.

The terms a recipient agrees to are not final yet. We will publish them when they are.

Children’s Privacy

ETHOS is for professional use and is not intended for anyone under 18. We do not knowingly collect information from children. If you believe a child’s information has reached us, email support@ethosdatabase.org and we will delete it from the database outright, not leave the marked-as-deleted record we would normally keep.

Where Your Information Is Processed

ETHOS is operated from the United States and the providers named above process data there. If you use the site from elsewhere, your information is processed in the United States, which may not give it the protections your own country does.

Changes to This Policy

When this policy changes we update the effective date at the top of the page. If a change materially affects how we handle your information, we will say so by email to account holders or with a notice on the site.

How to Contact Us

Questions about this policy, or a request about your own information:

Email is the only contact channel ETHOS Database operates. There is no postal address to write to and no phone number to call.